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| c. 2500 BC |
| | | Enuma Elish, the Babylonian creation story, spreads in oral form | |
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| c. 2500 BC |
| | | The ruling family of Ur plays a board game which appears to be the same as modern backgammon | |
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| c. 2400 BC |
| | | The rich trading city of Mari, on the Euphrates, is an important centre in northern Mesopotamia | |
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| c. 2350 BC |
| | | Sargon conquers the other Mesopotamian states and establishes a dynasty with a new capital at Akkad, close to modern Baghdad | |
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| 2000 BC |
| | | The god Ashur is worshipped at a shrine on the Tigris known by his name (the origin of the word Assyria) | |
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| c. 1830 BC |
| | | Babylon is a tiny region, about 50 miles across, when Amorites establish there the first Babylonian dynasty | |
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| c. 1800 BC |
| | | Abraham leaves Ur and moves with his tribe and flocks towards Canaan | |
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| c. 1800 BC |
| | | In Mesopotamia the new weapon is a light chariot, drawn by two horses | |
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| c. 1750 BC |
| | | Shamshi-Adad I conquers Ashur and the surrounding areas, beginning Assyria's first brief period as a regional power | |
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| c. 1750 BC |
| | | Babylonian astronomers name many of the constellations and identify the planets | |
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